One of the biggest challenges to effective reef restoration is applying interventions at scale, particularly in areas as vast as the Great Barrier Reef.
Over the last few years, AIMS and our collaborators have been developing a toolbox of interventions to help coral reefs recover from the effects of climate change, and resist warming temperatures caused by climate change.
Coral aquaculture techniques are being developed at AIMS and across the world to support large-scale efforts to fast-track reef recovery in the future.
Corals have vital, complex relationships with microorganisms. Microscopic algal symbionts are well known for providing corals with most of their energy. However, corals also associate with other microorganisms such as bacteria whose benefits range from nutrient cycling to protection against pathogens.
Hybridisation is a process where eggs and sperm from two different species cross-fertilise to produce viable young.
In coral, this process occasionally occurs in nature. It increases genetic diversity and creates novel genetic combinations that may be beneficial for adaptation and confer resilience to changing climate conditions.
Offshore wind energy is a form of renewable energy that harnesses strong and consistent winds over the ocean and transfers it into electricity networks on land. It is considered an attractive renewable resource because it can mitigate the effects of climate change. Already an established industry in the UK and Europe, this type of energy could play an important role in Australia’s future energy supply systems.
The National Sea Simulator (SeaSim) at the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) is a world-class marine experimental research facility located at Cape Ferguson, about 50km south of the CBD of Townsville, Queensland.
SeaSim’s advanced capabilities allow researchers to precisely control water quality parameters such temperature, pH, salinity, light, and water chemistry, enabling researchers to simulate various scenarios and examine the responses of marine organisms to environmental changes.
In 2021, the Australian Government announced a $36.3 million SeaSim expansion as part of the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) in recognition of the role that SeaSim plays in facilitating crucial research for marine research.
We are excited to announce that NCRIS funding will support the National Sea Simulator Funded Access Program. National and international researchers will soon be able to apply for merit-based access to use the facility for their research.
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Long-Term Monitoring Program Annual Summary Report of Coral Reef Condition 2023/24
Coral cover remains high while impacts of mass coral bleaching yet to be determined
Published 7th August 2024
Components
There are many ways to measure the status of coral reefs. One of the most common is to use percent hard coral cover as an ‘indicator’ of reef condition because it describes the abundance of a critical ecosystem engineer on coral reefs. This measure describes the proportion of the seafloor that is covered in live hard coral. Percent hard coral cover is widely used by scientists worldwide and is a standard measure that applies to all locations. While it does not tell us anything about the diversity or composition of coral assemblages, it provides a simple and robust measure of reef health.
Percent hard coral cover can be estimated using various techniques. The technique used for this report is manta tow surveys, which are visual estimates of percent hard coral cover over the area covered by an observer during one 2-minute tow (~2000m2). The percent hard coral cover for a reef is then estimated as the average of the estimates from all tows around a reef and reported as broad categories (e.g., 0 = 0%, >0% – 10%, >10% – 30%, >30% – 50%, >50% – 75% and >75% – 100%; See video below).
A coral reef consists of more than just hard coral and contains a diverse array of other corals, sponges, algae, sand, rock and invertebrates. It is relatively rare for GBR reefs to have 75% to 100% hard coral cover and AIMS defines >30% – 50% hard coral cover as a high value, based on historical surveys across the GBR.
Other techniques for determining percent hard coral cover involve counting the number of points within sampling units (quadrats, photos), as used by LTMP in fixed site surveys, or the linear distance along a tape measure (line-intercept) that intersect live hard coral colonies. Adding up the total number of points of live hard coral cover and then expressing this as a percentage of the total number of points within a sample yields the estimates of hard coral cover. Data from both the fixed site and manta tow surveys conducted by the LTMP are highly correlated and show the same trends in hard coral cover estimates. However, manta tow estimates are generally lower than those obtained from fixed site surveys as they encompass the entire reef, including sandy back reef habitats that have low coral cover.
A visual guide to the different categories of coral cover used for reef surveys.
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Our highly skilled and innovative science staff and valued support staff use state-of-the-art infrastructure, alongside strong national and international collaborative relationships to help to build Australia’s national marine science capability.
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