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RESPONSE
TO OIL SPILLS AFFECTING MANGROVES
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1)
Before an oil spill is reported. |
Thoroughly assess past spill
incidents and identify successful and unsuccessful practices. Conduct research
to improve techniques and knowledge for controlling, collecting and dispersing
oil at sea. Transport less toxic oils where possible. Improve awareness of
environmental values and concerns. Support ecological research monitoring past
spill events as well as promoting specific studies addressing key issues in
advancing our understanding of how oil affects mangrove habitats and their
ecological functions.
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2) Soon after an oil spill.
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Reduce the amount of oil getting into
mangrove areas by using booms and collection devices. Apply appropriate low
toxic dispersants in deeper waters away from mangroves. Reduce the toxicity of
oils which reach mangroves by delaying the arrival of spilled oil reaching
mangroves. Accelerate degradation of spilled oil on the water by promoting
weathering and biodegradation. If oil cannot be prevented from reaching
mangroves then attempt to control the time of its arrival to match higher tidal
heights which will deposit oil in less vulnerable parts of the inner tidal zone
and forest. The goal is to protect seaward fringing trees which maintain stand
integrity.
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3) After oil reaches mangroves.
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Map the extent of oiled
mangrove habitat and quantify the amounts of oil present, using a simple
classification system. The survey of impacted areas needs to be backed Up with a
collection of surface sediments for later detailed analysis of hydrocarbons, as
needed. Map and describe the amount and types of oiled and dead mangrove fauna
and seedlings.
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4) After oil has killed mangroves.
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Map deforested areas and describe
species involved. Survey and measure levels of hydrocarbons in sediments.
Promote appropriate rehabilitation of damaged areas. Support natural recruitment
of seedlings in deforested sites and provide supplemental planting, only if
necessary. Promote growth and survival of surviving trees and seedling recruits
until stand integrity is self-sustaining.
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