Holly Mangrove
(Acanthus ilicifolius)

This prickly plant, which can grow to 2 m tall, often inhabits the soft, muddy soils of river banks. It can become dominant after clearing of mangrove forest areas.

Roots: Usually it has no above-ground roots but may have small prop roots.

Leaves: A small shrub with glossy green, prickly leaves (hence the name Holly Mangrove). When this plant is growing in deep shade the leaves tend to develop fewer prickles.

Flowers and Fruit: Purple or white flowers that are pollinated by bees or small birds. The seed pod is a shiny green, oval shaped capsule that propels the seeds away from the plant using a spring loading mechanism.

Bark: Smooth bark.

Similar species: None.

Location: Found in the rivers of tropical northern Australia, often forms thickets along river banks, especially in areas that are under freshwater influence.