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Coral Bleaching
Corals contain
photosynthetic algae called zooxanthellae in their tissues. These
algae provide the coral with food in return for protection in a
symbiotic relationship and give the corals their distinctive
colour.
Prolonged
stressful environmental conditions cause a breakdown in
this symbiotic relationship. These conditions include
unusually high or low sea temperature, high or low light
levels, freshwater or pollutants.
As corals are
stressed they lose the zooxanthellae from their tissues,
leaving the white calcium carbonate skeleton visible
through the coral tissue. This process is known as coral
bleaching.
There have been several major bleaching
events worldwide in recent decades.
The extent of
coral bleaching is dependent on both above average temperatures
and the length of time that the water temperature remains high.
Bleached corals have the ability to recover as conditions return
to normal but if the conditions remain unfavourable for an
extended time they will die. The threat to corals increases as
the bleaching events become more frequent because they have no
time to recover.
Through
studying the correlation between environmental conditions and
past bleaching events, scientists at AIMS are developing new and
more sophisticated methods of predicting the threat of future
bleaching and the coral's potential to recover and adapt to new
climatic conditions.